THE PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT OF FAYOL

Fayol developed theories and principles of management which are universally accepted and make him universalistic for meet the requirements of modern management.

Inside of the principles are:

• Division of work:division of work means specialization.Each job and work should be assigned to the specialist of his job.Division of work promotes efficiency because it permits an organizational member to work in a limited area reducing the scope of his responsibility

• Authority and Responsibility:In this way, if anybody is made responsible for any job, he should also have the concerned authority.management in this regard is that an efficient manager makes best possible use of his authority and does not escape from the responsibility.

• Discipline: discipline in terms of obedience, application, energy and respect to superior.
• Unity of direction:It emphasizes the attainment of common goal under one head.This enables effective co-ordination of individual efforts and energy.
• Subordination of individual interests to general interests:principle of management state that employees should surrender their personnel interest before the general interest of the enterprise.
• Fair Remuneration to employees: Logical and appropriate wage-rate and methods of their payment reduces tension and differences between workers and management, create harmonious relationship and a pleasing atmosphere of work.
• Centralization and Decentralization: Suggests that these should be proper and effective adjustment between centralization and decentralization in order to achieve maximum objectives of the business.  
• Scalar chain: "the chain of superiors ranging from the ultimate authority to the lowest rank."
• Order:there should be proper, systematic and orderly arrangement of physical and social factors, such as land, raw materials, tools and equipments and employees respectively. This principle also stresses scientific selection and appointment of employees on every job.
• Equity: kindness and justice should be exercised by management in dealing with their subordinates. This will create loyalty and devotion among the employees. Thus, workers should be treated at par at every level.
• Stability of use of personnel:Principle of stability is linked with long tenure of personnel in the organisation. Stability of job creates a sense of belongingness among workers who with this feeling are encouraged to improve the quality and quantity of work.
• Initiative:Under this principle, the successful management provides an opportunity to its employees to suggest their new ideas, experiences and more convenient methods of work.
• Spirit of Co-operation (Spirit de crops):In order to achieve the best possible results, individual and group effort are to be effectively integrated and coordinated.Everyone should sacrifice his personal interest and contribute his best energies to achieve the best results.